Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Brain Energy Metabolism Silveri MM, Dikan J, Ross AJ, Jensen JE, Kamaya T, et al. NMR in Biomedicine. 2008;21(10):1066-1075. PMID: 18816480

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18816480/

n=16 healthy adults (mean age 47.3 yr). Cognizin 500 mg/day, 6 weeks. Frontal lobe ATP +14%, phosphocreatine +32%, PCr/Pi ratio +37% vs. baseline (p<0.05). Direct evidence that Cognizin raises brain energy substrates in healthy adults.